论文部分内容阅读
道德理由是道德哲学的重要议题。从康德与休谟的理性主义与情感主义之争,到今天的内在主义与外在主义之争,随着道德哲学的演进,在道德理由上争论的重点也发生了转移。从论证来看,内在主义与外在主义都有一定的合理之处,也有一些难以克服的缺陷。内在主义注重道德理由与个人行为动机之间的直接关联,却忽视了道德理由不能简单等同于个人的内在理由。外在主义强调道德理由必须要尊重外部的道德原则,却往往无力激发行为者以此行事。从当代道德哲学的发展来看,内在主义与外在主义之争其实是反映了个人偏私的特殊性与不偏不倚的道德要求之间的关系。一个更加合理的道德理由必须同时满足这两方面的要求,既是特殊的,也是普遍的,既是内在主义的,也是外在主义的。
Moral reason is an important topic of moral philosophy. From the dispute between rationalism and sentiment of Kant and Hume to the dispute between internalism and externism today, with the evolution of moral philosophy, the focus of debate on moral reasons has also shifted. From the argument, internalism and externalism have some reasonable points, but also some insurmountable defects. Intrinsicism pays attention to the direct connection between moral reason and motivation of individual behavior, but ignores the inner reason that moral reason can not be simply equated to individual. Externalism emphasizes that moral reasons must respect external moral principles, but often can not inspire actors to act accordingly. Judging from the development of contemporary moral philosophy, the debate between internalism and extrinsicism actually reflects the relationship between the particularity of personal preference and the impartial moral requirement. A more reasonable moral reason must satisfy both of these requirements. It is both special and universal, both intrinsic and extrinsic.