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语序是中考试题中的一项必考内容,也是学生学习的重点和难点之一。下面结合实例,简要分析一下这项内容,供同学们参考。
一、考查宾语从句的语序
1. ——Did he say ____ just now?
——Yes.
A. when would he come B. how he come
C. why he came D. where did he come from
简析:一般说来,宾语从句是由“引导词+陈述语序的句子”构成的。由此可以首先排除A、D项。根据时态一致原则可知C项正确。
二、考查感叹句的语序
2. ____ it is!
A. How a strange bird B. What a strange bird
C. How a bird strange D. What a bird strange
简析:由what引导的感叹句语序为“what+名词(a/an+形容词+单数可数名词)+陈述语序”或“what+名词(形容词+复数可数名词)+陈述语序”;由how引导的感叹句语序为“how+形容词/副词+陈述语序”或“how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词”。根据结构,可知B项正确。再如:
What sweet flowers they are!多么香的花啊!
How carefully he is writing!他写得多认真啊!
How kind a girl she is!她是多好的姑娘啊!
How time flies!时间过得真快!
三、考查不定式否定结构的语序
3. The policeman told the children ____ football on the street.
A. don’t play B. to not play C. not to play the D. not to play
简析:动词不定式的否定结构应直接在to前加not,由此排除A、B项;“踢足球”为play football,不加冠词the。因此D项符合题意。再如:
You’d better not do this. 你最好别做这件事。
He jumped like a monkey to make the baby not cry. 他像猴子一样跳来跳去哄孩子不哭。
四、考查冠词的位置
4. It is ____ TV play that all of us like to watch it.
A. a so interesting B. so an interesting
C. a such interesting D. such an interesting
简析:so和such都可以修饰带有形容词的单数可数名词;但一定要注意冠词的位置。正确的语序为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”或“such+a/an+形容词+名词”,所以D项正确。
5. ——I’m looking for those two books. Have you seen them?
——I have seen ____books on the shelf.
A. both the B. the both C. all the D. the all
简析:定冠词与both,all等词连用时,一般要放在这些词后面,因此可以排除B、D项。“两者都”用both,故选A项。
五、考查形容词的位置
6. He is ____ man.
A. a brave very young B. a very young brave
C. a very brave young D. very brave a young
简析:并列的形容词修饰名词时,其先后顺序是:(限定词)+(程度状语)+描绘性词语+大小(长短/高低)+形状+年龄+新旧+颜色+国籍(地区/出处)+物质、材料+用途、类别+(名词)。根据排列顺序,很明显C项正确。又如:my old black coat, a big square wooden table, those tall young American basketball players, an expensive old Chinese writing brush等。
7. There is ____ with my computer. I must have it repaired.
A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong
C. something wrong D. wrong something
简析:形容词修饰不定代词时要后置,据此可以排除D项。结合语意“我必须找人修一下”,可知前句意为“电脑出毛病了”。所以应选C项。
六、考查enough的位置
8. This hotel isn’t ____ to hold 2,000 people.
A. enough big B. big enough C. enough small D.small enough
简析:enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置,据此排除A、C项;由题意可知B项正确。再如:
He didn’t ride carefully enough so he fell off his bike and hurt himself.
他不小心从车上掉下来,摔伤了。
I have not enough books.相当于I have no books enough. (enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词前,也可以放在名词后。)
七、考查so的位置
9. ——He has been to the USA.
——____.
A. So have I B. So I have C. So he did D. He did so
简析:“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示后者情况和前者相同,此时主语不是同一个人;“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示“确实如此”,主语是同一个人。本题A项正确。又如:
Tom can swim. So can I. 汤姆会游泳,我也会。
Tom can swim. So he can. 汤姆会游泳。确实是这样。
Kate didn’t go to the cinema. Neither/Nor did Tom. 凯特没去看电影,汤姆也没去。(和前句否定的情况相同,用neither或nor开头)。
一、考查宾语从句的语序
1. ——Did he say ____ just now?
——Yes.
A. when would he come B. how he come
C. why he came D. where did he come from
简析:一般说来,宾语从句是由“引导词+陈述语序的句子”构成的。由此可以首先排除A、D项。根据时态一致原则可知C项正确。
二、考查感叹句的语序
2. ____ it is!
A. How a strange bird B. What a strange bird
C. How a bird strange D. What a bird strange
简析:由what引导的感叹句语序为“what+名词(a/an+形容词+单数可数名词)+陈述语序”或“what+名词(形容词+复数可数名词)+陈述语序”;由how引导的感叹句语序为“how+形容词/副词+陈述语序”或“how+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词”。根据结构,可知B项正确。再如:
What sweet flowers they are!多么香的花啊!
How carefully he is writing!他写得多认真啊!
How kind a girl she is!她是多好的姑娘啊!
How time flies!时间过得真快!
三、考查不定式否定结构的语序
3. The policeman told the children ____ football on the street.
A. don’t play B. to not play C. not to play the D. not to play
简析:动词不定式的否定结构应直接在to前加not,由此排除A、B项;“踢足球”为play football,不加冠词the。因此D项符合题意。再如:
You’d better not do this. 你最好别做这件事。
He jumped like a monkey to make the baby not cry. 他像猴子一样跳来跳去哄孩子不哭。
四、考查冠词的位置
4. It is ____ TV play that all of us like to watch it.
A. a so interesting B. so an interesting
C. a such interesting D. such an interesting
简析:so和such都可以修饰带有形容词的单数可数名词;但一定要注意冠词的位置。正确的语序为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”或“such+a/an+形容词+名词”,所以D项正确。
5. ——I’m looking for those two books. Have you seen them?
——I have seen ____books on the shelf.
A. both the B. the both C. all the D. the all
简析:定冠词与both,all等词连用时,一般要放在这些词后面,因此可以排除B、D项。“两者都”用both,故选A项。
五、考查形容词的位置
6. He is ____ man.
A. a brave very young B. a very young brave
C. a very brave young D. very brave a young
简析:并列的形容词修饰名词时,其先后顺序是:(限定词)+(程度状语)+描绘性词语+大小(长短/高低)+形状+年龄+新旧+颜色+国籍(地区/出处)+物质、材料+用途、类别+(名词)。根据排列顺序,很明显C项正确。又如:my old black coat, a big square wooden table, those tall young American basketball players, an expensive old Chinese writing brush等。
7. There is ____ with my computer. I must have it repaired.
A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong
C. something wrong D. wrong something
简析:形容词修饰不定代词时要后置,据此可以排除D项。结合语意“我必须找人修一下”,可知前句意为“电脑出毛病了”。所以应选C项。
六、考查enough的位置
8. This hotel isn’t ____ to hold 2,000 people.
A. enough big B. big enough C. enough small D.small enough
简析:enough修饰形容词或副词时要后置,据此排除A、C项;由题意可知B项正确。再如:
He didn’t ride carefully enough so he fell off his bike and hurt himself.
他不小心从车上掉下来,摔伤了。
I have not enough books.相当于I have no books enough. (enough修饰名词时,既可以放在名词前,也可以放在名词后。)
七、考查so的位置
9. ——He has been to the USA.
——____.
A. So have I B. So I have C. So he did D. He did so
简析:“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示后者情况和前者相同,此时主语不是同一个人;“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示“确实如此”,主语是同一个人。本题A项正确。又如:
Tom can swim. So can I. 汤姆会游泳,我也会。
Tom can swim. So he can. 汤姆会游泳。确实是这样。
Kate didn’t go to the cinema. Neither/Nor did Tom. 凯特没去看电影,汤姆也没去。(和前句否定的情况相同,用neither或nor开头)。