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目的了解汶川地震灾区农村小学生卫生知识知晓和卫生行为形成的现状。方法于2009年11月,在北川县、什邡市和青川县各选取3所乡镇中心小学四年级2～3个班的学生作为调查对象。采用统一制定的《汶川地震灾区农村小学生调查表》,以学生自答问卷与调查人员现场调查相结合的方法,对学生的卫生知识的来源、知晓情况以及卫生行为的形成情况进行调查。结果北川县、什邡市和青川县小学生卫生知识主要来自老师,占70.75%;其次是来自家长,占13.29%,再次是来自电视广播,占10.49%;腹泻病病因的知晓率均低于50%。小学生对腹泻预防措施知晓的平均得分为1.71分,其中,北川县、青川县和什邡市小学生对腹泻预防措施知晓的平均得分分别为1.69、1.63、1.79分。小学生卫生行为形成率由高至低依次为:不乱丢垃圾(94.52%)>不喝生水(83.33%)>指正错误行为(79.14%)>便后洗手(67.25%)>饭前洗手(45.45%)>保持指甲干净(42.66%)>洗手时用肥皂(25.64%)。结论汶川地震灾区小学生的健康教育工作亟待提高。
Objective To understand the status quo of awareness of hygiene knowledge and formation of hygiene behaviors among primary school students in rural areas in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. Methods In November 2009, students from 2 to 3 classes in the fourth grade of township primary schools in Beichuan, Shifang and Qingchuan counties were selected as the survey subjects. A unified questionnaire of rural primary school students in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area was adopted to investigate the origin, knowledge and health behavior of students from the self-answer questionnaire and on-site investigation by investigators. Results The primary health knowledge of primary school students in Beichuan County, Shifang City and Qingchuan County mainly came from teachers, accounting for 70.75%; followed by parents, accounting for 13.29%, again from television broadcasting, accounting for 10.49%; the awareness rate of diarrhea etiology was less than 50% . The average primary school student’s awareness of diarrhea prevention measures was 1.71 points. Among them, the average scores of primary school students in Beichuan County, Qingchuan County and Shifang City who knew about the prevention of diarrhea were 1.69,1.63 and 1.79 respectively. The incidence of primary school students’ hygiene behaviors from high to low was as follows: no littering (94.52%)> no drinking water (83.33%)> correct misconduct (79.14%)> hand wash (67.25%)> 45.45%)> keep fingernails clean (42.66%)> wash hands with soap (25.64%). Conclusions Health education for pupils in Wenchuan earthquake stricken areas needs to be improved urgently.