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匈奴是汉朝时一个活跃在欧亚大陆广袤戈壁沙漠的游牧民族,曾经动摇过东方的农耕文明和西方的基督文化,然而有关这个民族的资料却十分鲜少,只是零星散落于其它民族的史料典籍中。斯大林在《马克思主义和民族问题》中曾给民族下过这样的定义:“民族是人们在历史上形成的有共同语言、共同地域、共同经济生活以及表现于共同的民族文化特点上的共同心理素质这四个基本特征的稳定的共同体”。①其中语言文字是一个民族最重要的特征,也是识别民族的重要标识,一个民族的的特征只有在语言中才能得到完整的映照和传承。匈奴曾经在中国历史上盛极一时,然而由于兵燹荼毒和
The Hsiungnu, a nomadic ethnic group active in the vast Gobi Desert of Eurasia during the Han Dynasty, once shaken the farming civilization in the East and the Christian culture in the West. However, the information about this nation is very scarce, only scattered in other historical data In classics. Stalin defined the nation in “Marxism and the Ethnic Problem” as follows: “The nation is a common formation of common language, common area, common economic life and common national culture characteristics shared by people Psychological quality of these four basic characteristics of the stable community ”. (1) Language and writing are the most important features of a nation and also an important indicator of identifying a nation. The features of a nation can only be fully reflected and transmitted in the language. The Hsiungnu once flourished in Chinese history, but it was poisoned by the war