“复仇”是鲁迅思想中独具特色的、引起广泛关注甚至争论的主张,但若仅将其理解为一种情绪化的、非理性的冲动则未免有简单化之嫌。本文以为,对鲁迅复仇思想的理解需结合思想史的大背景,特别是中国社会遭遇现代性冲击所带来的政治共同体之道德基础重建这一大问题;通过“复仇”这一主张,鲁迅以一种矛盾的方式呈现了此种重建的诸多困境,尤其是敏锐的思想者如何处理群己关系这一问题,这是其超越纯粹的文学世界而走向政治世界的一次虽然未必成功却意义重大的尝试。 “Revenge ” is unique in Lu Xun ’s thought, arousing widespread concern or arguing, but only if it is interpreted as an emotional, irrational impulse is too simplistic. This article argues that the understanding of Lu Xun’s revenge ideology needs to be integrated with the background of the history of ideas, especially the great issue of the reconstruction of the moral basis of the political community brought about by the modernity being hit by Chinese society. By the idea of ​​“revenge” In a contradictory way, Lu Xun presented many difficulties of such reconstruction, especially how the keen thinkers dealt with the issue of the relations between themselves and their people. This is an attempt to go beyond the purely literary world toward the political world, though not necessarily successful Great attempt.