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目的：探讨骨髓间充质细胞对大鼠急性脊髓损伤( spinal cord injury，SCI )的保护作用及其可能机制。方法将60只雌性 SD 大鼠随机分为模型组( SCI 组)、骨髓间充质细胞组( BMSCs 组)和假手术组( Sham 组)，每组各20只。改良 Allen’s 打击法打击 SD 大鼠后建立脊髓损伤模型，分别于术后1天起进行大鼠后肢运动功能( BBB 评分)评估，并于术后14天行步态分析，脊髓损伤后6、12 h 酶联免疫吸附试验( ELISA )检测脊髓组织的髓过氧化物酶( MPO )、脂质过氧化物酶( MDA )和超氧化物歧化酶( SOD )活性，检测肿瘤坏死因子α( TNF-α)、白细胞介素6( IL-6)、白细胞介素10( IL-10)水平。HE 染色观察病理变化情况。结果与 SCI 组相比，BMSCs 组大鼠脊髓损伤后12 h 脊髓组织 MPO 含量由(149.7±28.4) nmol / mg降至(116.0±29.2) nmol / mg。MDA 含量由(58.1±3.3) U / g 降至(41.7±2.6) U / g。SOD 水平由(194.6±14.3) U / mg 升至(362.0±13.6) U / mg。脊髓损伤后6 h 的 TNF-α水平由(439.8±12.8) pg / ml 降至(314.6±17.6) pg / ml。IL-6水平由(364.7±16.9) pg / ml 降至(232.9±15.2) pg / ml。IL-10水平由(291.3±9.8) pg / ml升至(377.9±17.9) pg / ml。光镜下脊髓组织损伤程度降低；脊髓损伤后14天 BBB 评分及 Catwalk 步态分析结果，差异有统计学意义( P＜0.05)。结论BMSCs 对脊髓损伤具有保护作用，改善其运动功能，可能是通过抑制炎症及氧化应激反应。“,”Objective To investigate the protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells ( BMSCs ) on spinal cord injury ( SCI ) model of rats and its potential mechanism. Methods Totally 60 adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group ( n = 20 ), SCI group ( n = 20 ) and BMSCs group ( n = 20 ). Model of spinal cord injury was established by modified Allen’ s assay. From the first day after injury, motor function of the rats’ hind limb was evaluated by BBB ( Basso Beattie and Bresnahan ) scores and Catwalk gait analysis and detection at 14 d. Content of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ), malondialdehyde ( MDA ), superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in spinal cord tissue and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ), interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ), interleukin-10 ( IL-10 ) in serum were determined by ELISA analysis. Pathological changes of spinal cord tissues were observed with HE staining. Results Compared with the model group, the content of MPO in injured spinal cord at 12h after injury in BMSCs group decreased from ( 149.7 ± 28.4 ) nmol / mg to ( 116.0 ± 29.2 ) nmol / mg, MDA levels decreased from ( 58.1 ± 3.3 ) U / g to ( 41.7 ± 2.6 ) U / g, at 6 h after injury TNF-α levels in serum decreased from ( 439.8 ± 12.8 ) pg / ml to ( 314.6 ± 17.6 ) pg / ml, IL-6 levels decreased from ( 364.7 ± 16.9 ) pg / ml to ( 232.9 ± 15.2 ) pg / ml while SOD activity increased from ( 194.6 ± 14.3) U / mg to ( 362.0 ± 13.6 ) U / mg, IL-10 levels increased from ( 291.3 ± 9.8 ) pg / ml to ( 377.9 ± 17.9 ) pg / ml ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the SCI group, BBB scores and catwalk gait analysis improved significantly at 14 d after injury in BMSCs group ( P < 0.05 ). The pathological injury of spinal cord was relieved in BMSCs group. Conclusions BMSCs administration improves the motor function after spinal cord injury. Its potential mechanism may be the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress reaction.