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有些药物在酸或碱催化下遇水分解变质,给制剂带来许多麻烦,为在处理这样的药物时心中有数,应能知道哪种结构类型的药物易被水解。药物的水解属亲核反应。对于酯类和酰胺类的水解,有些可被广义酸或碱催化,其酸催化水解反应通常是可逆的,而碱健化水解是不可逆的,因此碱催化水解作用对可水解药物的破坏性更为严重。例如阿托品在碱性下水解速度比酸性下水解速度约大10~6倍。本文不讨论
Some drugs are hydrolyzed and metamorphosed by acid or base catalysis, which brings many troubles to the preparation. In order to know which type of drugs are easy to be hydrolyzed when dealing with such drugs. Drug hydrolysis is a nuclear reaction. Some of the hydrolysis of esters and amides can be catalyzed by a broad range of acids or bases. The acid catalyzed hydrolysis is usually reversible whereas the alkalized hydrolysis is irreversible. Therefore, the effectiveness of base-catalyzed hydrolysis on hydrolyzable drugs is more Serious. For example, atropine under alkaline hydrolysis rate under acidic than about 10 to 6 times faster. This article does not discuss