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目的分析城市中老年女性社区居民患骨质疏松症(OP)的影响因素,为OP的社区预防提供依据。方法于2013年7月到2015年6月,以宣传发动和自愿参与的形式招募东柳街道社区卫生服务中心体检的40~89岁中老年女性居民进行问卷调查,并检测骨密度(BMD),共332名女性参与研究。采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析,用多因素logistic回归分析OP的影响因素,用多元线性回归分析BMD的影响因素。结果 332名女性中未绝经10名,平均年龄(48.2±4.8)岁;绝经322名,平均年龄(62.7±8.3)岁,平均绝经年限为(12.6±8.5)年。检测出OP患者143例(43.07%),骨量减少146例(43.98%),骨量正常43例(12.95%)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,绝经年限长(OR=1.13,95%CI:1.09~1.17)和肉类食用频率高[肉类食用以<2次/周为参照组,≥5次/周OR值为2.38(95%CI:1.16~4.85)]是患OP的危险因素;高体质指数(BMI)是保护因素(OR值为0.85,95%CI:0.78~0.93)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,股骨颈BMD与绝经年限、初潮年龄和骨折史呈显著负相关(标准回归系数分别为-0.473、-0.114和-0.102,P<0.01),与BMI呈正相关(标准回归系数为0.309,P<0.01),与肉类摄入、睡眠时间及坚果摄入也呈一定关联(P<0.05);腰椎BMD与绝经年限呈显著负相关(标准回归系数为-0.318,P<0.01),与BMI呈显著正相关(标准回归系数为0.263,P<0.01),与肉类摄入及睡眠时间呈一定关联(P<0.05)。结论应加强对绝经年限长、初潮年龄晚、肉类摄入频率高的老年女性进行OP防治,提倡适合的睡眠时间并适度摄入坚果预防OP的发生。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis (OP) in urban middle-aged and elderly female community residents and provide the basis for community prevention of OP. Methods From July 2013 to June 2015, 40-89-year-old middle-aged and elderly female residents who were physically examined at Dongliu Community CHS were enrolled in the form of propaganda and voluntary participation in a questionnaire survey. BMD, A total of 332 women participated in the study. SPSS13.0 was used for statistical analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis of the impact of OP factors, multivariate linear regression analysis of the influencing factors of BMD. Results Among the 332 women, 10 were non-menopausal, with an average age of (48.2 ± 4.8) years; 322 menopausal (mean 62.7 ± 8.3) years and average duration of menopause (12.6 ± 8.5) years. 143 cases (43.07%) were detected OP, 146 cases (43.98%) had osteopenia, and 43 cases (12.95%) had normal bone mass. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that menopausal years (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.09-1.17) and high frequency of meat consumption [meat consumption less than 5 times / week OR The value of 2.38 (95% CI: 1.16-4.85) was a risk factor for OP. High body mass index (BMI) was a protective factor (odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.78-0.93). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that femoral neck BMD was significantly negatively correlated with menopause age, menarche age and fracture history (standard regression coefficients were -0.473, -0.114 and -0.102, respectively, P <0.01), and was positively correlated with BMI (standard regression Coefficient of 0.309, P <0.01), but also correlated with intake of meat, sleep time and nut intake (P <0.05). BMD of lumbar spine had significant negative correlation with menopause (standard regression coefficient was -0.318, P < 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation with BMI (standard regression coefficient was 0.263, P <0.01), and was correlated with meat intake and sleep time (P <0.05). Conclusions The prevention and treatment of OP in elderly women with long menopause, late menarche and high frequency of meat intake should be strengthened to promote suitable sleeping time and moderate ingestion of nuts to prevent the occurrence of OP.