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开采煤层群时,在邻近煤层中,残留煤柱的下方或上方开掘的采准巷道维护比较困难。 在煤柱附近,因集中压力使巷道维护复杂化,巷道围岩移近量增大。因此,在这种条件下,增大支架安设密度或采用高阻力支架。到煤柱边缘距离不同,巷道维护条件各异。如果某段巷道开掘在早已采过的煤层的上方或下方。则预先卸压作用将改善这段巷道的维护条件。这段巷道围岩移近强度甚至比在未采动煤层中回采工作影响区之外还小(图1中从点B(B′)向右)。在这段巷道中见不到煤柱所产生的集中压力的影响。从另一方面,即从煤体方向看,位于距煤柱边一定距离的某段巷道上(图1中从点向左),没有集中压力显现。在苏联主要煤田开采的缓斜煤层所进行的观测表明,直接位于煤柱附近下方或上方的巷道围岩移近量及其支架上的载荷是最大的(图1中点A(A′))。 西乌克兰煤炭生产联合公司矿井进行的研究证明,煤柱附近对在其上、下方开掘的巷道有一定程
When mining coal seams, it is more difficult to maintain the quasi-entry roadway that is excavated below or above the residual coal pillars in the adjacent coal seams. Near the coal pillar, due to the concentration of pressure to make the maintenance of roadway complex, the amount of surrounding rock moves closer. Therefore, in this condition, increase the stent installation density or the use of high-resistance bracket. The distance to the coal pillar edge is different, the roadway maintenance conditions vary. If a section of roadway digs over the coal seam that has been taken over or underneath. The effect of pre-pressure relief will improve the maintenance condition of this roadway. The surrounding rock mass near this laneway is even smaller than the area affected by the mining work in the undeveloped coal seam (right in Figure 1, from point B (B ’)). In this section of tunnel can not see the impact of the concentration of pressure generated by the pillar. On the other hand, when viewed from the direction of the coal body, it is located on a certain roadway at a distance from the coal pillar (from point to the left in FIG. 1), and there is no concentrated pressure. Observations conducted on gently inclined coal seams that were mined in the main coalfields of the Soviet Union show that the amount of surrounding rock movement near the coal pillars and the load on the support are the largest (Fig. 1, point A (A ’)) . Studies carried out in the coal mines of the West Ukraine coal production company have shown that there is a certain distance to the roadway dug above and below the pillars