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恩格斯生命的最后岁月(1891—1895)正值法国社会主义迈出决定性步伐的时期。在1893年,社会主义代表在国民议会中获取了显著的席位。许多研究者已经对恩格斯关于法国社会主义的评价进行了研究,但是最近出版的《马克思恩格斯全集》(MEGA)中有关恩格斯在1891年和1895年之间的所有文本给我们提供了一些新的研究路径。我们将恩格斯的著作和法兰西第三共和国的最新的历史文献进行对比来研究恩格斯的著作,探讨了马克思主义在法国的传播与推广,以及马克思的法语译著的重要性。最后,我们通过对比恩格斯与一些马克思主义思想家的观点,提出了关于马克思主义历史的新视角。恩格斯不断更新发展了马克思主义的分析与策略,强调通过坚持长期的斗争,在议会制或半议会制的政治背景下和国家机器中获得部分席位的必要性。恩格斯打开了一条其他人可以进一步发展的反思之路。
The last years of Engels’s life (1891-1895) coincided with the period when the French Socialists took a decisive step. In 1893, socialist representatives gained a prominent seat in the National Assembly. Many researchers have studied Engels’s evaluation of French socialism, but all the texts of Engels’s Engels’s book between 1891 and 1895, recently published in The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, provide us with some new research path. We compare Engels’s work with the latest historical documents of the Third Republic of France to study Engels’s writings, discuss the spread and promotion of Marxism in France, and the importance of Marx’s French translation. Finally, we propose a new perspective on the history of Marxism by comparing Engels with some Marxist thinkers. Engels constantly updated and developed Marxist analysis and tactics, stressing the need to secure partial seats in the parliamentary or semi-parliamentary political system and the state apparatus by persisting in protracted struggles. Engels opened a path of reflection that others could further develop.