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本试验采用植物化学成分系统预试法、生物碱系统提取法和薄层色谱技术对冰川棘豆地上部分全草的化学成分,特别是生物碱成分进行了薄层色谱分析。结果表明冰川棘豆含有生物碱、氨基酸和蛋白质、有机酸、酚类和鞣质、多糖及甙类、皂甙、甾体、香豆素、萜类以及蒽醌类。不含挥发油、黄酮体、氰甙和脂肪族硝基化合物;5 000 g冰川棘豆干草粉经醇类溶剂提取得总浸膏312.0 g,再经酸化、碱化处理,收集碱水液依次用氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分段萃取,分别得氯仿部分0.5 g,乙酸乙酯部分5.4 g,正丁醇部分52.0 g,初步表明冰川棘豆生物碱主要集中在正丁醇提取部分,以强极性生物碱为主;各部分生物碱提取物经薄层层析分析,结果表明氯仿部分至少有9种生物碱,乙酸乙酯部分至少有11种,正丁醇部分至少有4种。经与苦马豆素标准样品对照,证明三部分提取物均含有苦马豆素。
In this experiment, the chemical constituents, especially the alkaloids, of the whole part of the whole plant of Gladiolus glauca were analyzed by TLC with the method of phytochemical composition system pre-test, alkaloid system extraction and TLC. The results showed that C. glacialis contained alkaloids, amino acids and proteins, organic acids, phenols and tannins, polysaccharides and glycosides, saponins, steroids, coumarins, terpenes and anthraquinones. Without volatile oil, flavonoids, cyanogenic glycosides and aliphatic nitro compounds; 5 000 g of hay fever and ice cream dry extract of alcohol from the total extract 312.0 g, and then by acidification, alkalization, collecting aqueous alkali followed by Chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol were separated and extracted, the chloroform fraction 0.5 g, ethyl acetate fraction 5.4 g and n-butanol fraction 52.0 g, respectively, suggesting that alkaloids mainly located in the n-butanol extraction part of glacial Strongly polar alkaloids; each part of the alkaloid extract by thin layer chromatography analysis showed that the chloroform part of at least 9 kinds of alkaloids, ethyl acetate part of at least 11 species, n-butanol part of at least 4 species. After comparing with the standard sample of swainine, it was proved that all three parts of the extract contained swainsonine.