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前言欧洲工业发达国家在其发展过程中,都尽先开发水能资源,因此许多可利用的水电站站址已得到开发,例如,水能资源开发利用最充分的国家有瑞士(已开发利用98%)和法国(已开发利用95%)。在不少国家水电已成为电力供应中的支柱。但是,各国情况不尽相同。本文概述奥地利(在中欧)、葡萄牙、西班牙(在南欧)和格陵兰(在北美洲)的水能资源及其开发现状和规划。奥地利水能资源的利用程度为60%,西班牙46%,葡萄牙30%。格陵兰由于地处北极,交通不便,人烟稀少,水能资源的开发工作尚处于规划勘测阶段,现今基本上是一片处女地。
Preface European industrialized countries are all developing hydropower resources as early as their development. Therefore, many hydropower station sites have been developed. For example, Switzerland has the most developed and utilized hydropower resources (98% has been exploited) And France (95% developed and utilized). In many countries, hydropower has become the backbone of the electricity supply. However, the situation varies from country to country. This article provides an overview of hydropower resources in Austria (in Central Europe), Portugal, Spain (in Southern Europe) and Greenland (in North America) and their status and plans for development. Austria uses 60% of hydropower resources, 46% in Spain and 30% in Portugal. Due to its location in the North Pole, inaccessible and sparsely populated areas, Greenland is still at the planning and survey stage for the development of hydropower resources. Today, it is basically a virgin land.