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AIM: To investigate the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene on apoptosis and expressions of apoptosis factors in X gene-transfected HepG2 cells.METHODS: The HBV X gene eukaryon expression vector pcDNVA3-Xwas transiently transfected into HepG2 cells by lipid-media transfection. Untransfected HepG2 and HepG2 transfected with pcDNA3 were used as controls. Expression of HBx in HepG2 was identified by PT-PCR. MTT and TUNEL were employed to measure proliferation and apoptosis of cells in.three groups. Semi-quantified RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of Fas/FasL, Bax/Bcl-xL,and c-myc in each group.RESULTS: HBV X gene was transfected into HepG2 cells successfully. RT-PCR showed that HBx was only expressed in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells, but not expressed in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells. Analyzed by MTT, cell proliferation capacity was obviously lower in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (0.08910±0.003164) than in HepG2 (0.14410±0.004927)and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (0.12150±0.007159) (P＜0.05and P＜0.01). Analyzed by TUNEL, cell apoptosis was much more in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (980/2 000) than HepG2 (420/2 000), HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (520/2 000) (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01). Evaluated by semi-quantified RT-PCR, the expression level of Fas/FasL was significantly higher in HepG2 cells transfected with HBx than in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01). Bax/Bcl-xL expression level was also elevated in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells (P＜0.05and P＜0.01). Expression of c-myc was markedly higher in HepG2/pcDNA3-X cells than in HepG2 and HepG2/pcDNA3 cells (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: HBV X gene can impair cell proliferation capacity, improve cell apoptosis, and upregulate expression of apoptosis factors. The intervention of HBV X gene on the expression of apoptosis factors may be a possible mechanism responsible for the change in cell apoptosis and proliferation.