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The structure of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Acetobacter xylinum NUST4 (A.xylinum NUST4) under static (SBC) and shake culture condition (ABC) was studied by means of transmission electron microscopic (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform-infrared spectrum (FT-IR). It was revealed that BC is Ⅰ crystal cellulose and the proportion of cellulose Ⅰα exceeds 80% and BC diameter is 10-80 nm.Mechanical properties and water absorption capacity were also determined. These properties could result from crystalline and nanometer structure of BC.