《1844年经济学哲学手稿》大致蕴含了三方面的内容:对政治经济学—异化劳动的批判、对黑格尔唯心主义思想的批判和共产主义理论的提出。本文试图从“异化劳动”、“人的本质”和两种逻辑的对立来探索三者之间的内在关联,以探析三部分分别所对应的马克思理论中的政治经济学、哲学和科学社会主义三部分的关系。在手稿中,马克思是以异化劳动为核心概念来论述其对政治经济学、哲学以及共产主义的研究。并且,他对“人的本质”的探究即其“人学公式”也使三者联系了起来。他从哲学统摄经济学的角度出发,批判资本主义社会生产中的异化劳动和黑格尔唯心主义的异化观,提出要通过变革生产关系即废除私有制来扬弃异化劳动,实现人的本质的全面复归,即提出了崭新的共产主义理论。 “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844” contains roughly three aspects: criticism of political economy - alienated labor, criticism of Hegel’s idealism and the proposition of communism. This paper tries to explore the internal relations among the three “dissimilated labor”, “human essence” and the opposition between the two kinds of logic in order to probe into the political economy and philosophy in the Marxist theory corresponding to the three parts respectively And scientific socialism in three parts. In the manuscript, Marx discusses the study of political economy, philosophy and communism with alienated labor as the core concept. Moreover, his exploration of “human nature ” means that his “human learning formula ” also links the three. He criticized the alienation work in capitalist social production and the alienation view of Hegelian idealism from the point of view of philosophical Unified Economics and put forward that it is necessary to completely alienate the essence of human beings by renovating the private ownership by altering the production relations , That is, put forward a new theory of communism.