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本文主要以20世纪上半叶科学家与中国社会的互动关系为线索,探讨了近代以来科学在中国传播的历史轨迹及其对中国社会的全方位影响。作者首先阐述了近代中国社会科学观的演变,及从科学的器物、知识层面到科学的体制、社会层面再到科学的精神、价值层面,这个过程是科学家与社会互动关系的思想基础。其次作者从一些典型事件来分析这种互动关系的科学-社会意义和科学-文化意义,即科学家对中国社会的影响从思想推动到体制推动,演绎出一些特殊的社会现象。文章论述了科学对中国社会的深层影响及其历史意义。——编者
This article mainly cites the interaction between scientists and Chinese society in the first half of the 20th century as a clue to discuss the historical track of science spread in China since modern times and its all-round impact on Chinese society. The author first expounds the evolution of social science in modern China, and from scientific utensils, knowledge level to scientific system, social level to scientific spirit and value. This process is the ideological foundation for the interaction between scientists and society. Second, the author analyzes the scientific-social significance and the scientific-cultural significance of this interactive relationship from some typical events. That is, the influence of scientists on Chinese society from deduction to institutional promotion deduces some special social phenomena. The article discusses the profound influence of science on Chinese society and its historical significance. --editor