中国近代史研究曾相继流行过几种一元的史学观点:“阶级斗争模式”;“反帝——爱国模式”;“冲击——反应模式”;“传统——现代模式”;以及“资产阶级主题”等。这些观点的共同点是把中国做为一个匀质体看待,从而忽视了广袤的中国国土上历史发展的不平衡性及各 Studies of modern Chinese history have successively adopted several one-dimensional historiographic views: “class struggle mode”; “anti-imperialism - patriotic mode”; “impact - reaction mode”; “traditional - modern mode”; and “bourgeoisie Themes” etc. The common point of these viewpoints is that China is viewed as a homogenous body, thus neglecting the uneven development of historical development in China’s vast land and each