突变(包括变异树和枝变)是植物产生新变异的丰富来源。若干年来,突变选种是选育优良新品种、改良原有品种的一种简单而有效的方法,尤其是温州蜜柑上突变的利用又是其它作物所无法比拟的,深深地影响和推动了日本、美国、意大利、中国等柑桔主产国的柑桔事业发展。近二十年来,以温州蜜柑为主栽品种的柑桔在我国北部产区得以迅速发展,为开展温州蜜柑群众性突变选种工作提供了优越的条件。温州蜜柑的突变发生率自然突变发生率因生物种类、年龄以及其所处环境的不同而有较大的差异。据日本田中先生调查,普通温州蜜柑早熟变异的自然突变率大约为4万株 Mutations (including both mutant and branch) are abundant sources of new variation in plants. Over the years, mutation selection is a simple and effective way to breed fine new varieties and improve the original varieties. Especially, the utilization of the mutation on Satsuma mandarin is unmatched by other crops and deeply affects and promotes Japan, the United States, Italy, China and other citrus countries citrus career development. In the recent two decades, the citrus with Wenzhou mandarin orange as the main cultivated species has been rapidly developed in the northern part of China. It provides favorable conditions for the mass mutation selection of Wenzhou mandarin orange. The incidence of mutations in Satsuma maru The natural mutation rate varies greatly by species, age and the environment in which they are located. According to a survey by Japan’s Tanaka, the natural mutation rate of common Wenzhou Satsuma precocious pudding is about 40,000