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炎症小体是一种高分子量的多蛋白复合物,能够诱导细胞在炎性和应激的病理条件下死亡.脊髓损伤后,损伤局部微环境会出现多种功能不同的免疫细胞.自然条件下损伤脊髓局部微环境中的免疫细胞亚群是“阴阳”失衡的,破坏性的亚群和细胞因子占主导地位,是造成脊髓损伤病理损伤的重要机制.在中枢神经系统的损伤过程中,炎症小体发挥极为核心的作用.虽然,炎症小体的活化及其导致的IL-1β和IL-18在脊髓损伤部位均有表达,但迄今未见它们对脊髓损伤局部免疫微环境影响的报道.根据目前的研究进展,我们认为炎症小体的活化可以影响脊髓损伤局部免疫微环境,这是一个有趣的课题,但相关的研究确鲜有报道.本综述主要对四种与中枢神经系统损伤相关的炎症小体在结构、功能等方面进行阐述,对炎症小体活化与脊髓损伤免疫微环境的关系进行探讨.“,”The inflammasome is a kind of multi-protein complexes with high molecular weight that can induce cells to die under the pathological conditions of inflammation and stress.After spinal cord injury,there are a variety of immune cells with different functions in the local injured microenvironment.Under natural conditions,the immune cell subsets in the local injured microenvironment are imbalance in“yin and yang”,and the destructive subpopulations and cytokines are dominant.This is an important mechanism of pathological damage caused by SCI.Inflammasome plays an extremely important role in the process of central nervous system injury.Although activation of inflammasome and IL-1β and IL-18 are all expressed at the site of injured spinal cords,their effects on local immune microenvironment of SCI have not yet been reported.According to the current research progress,we believe that activation of inflammasome can affect the local immune microenvironment of SCI.This is an interesting topic,but few related studies have been re-ported.This review focuses on four types of inflammasomes associated with CNS injury.Their structure,function and so on will be ex-pounded.The relationship between inflammasome activation and immune microenvironment of SCI will also be discussed.