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明初,朝廷实行官给盐场灶丁工本制,后该制度遭遇困境,名存实亡,商给盐场灶丁工本制代之而起。商给盐场灶丁工本制经历了明中叶的长期探索,最终于万历四十五年确立,此后,“官退商进”成为明代盐场社会管理的突出特征。但无论官给还是商给,明廷各项举措都因无法摆脱灶丁工本供给的财政困境而宣告失败,而其盐业管理也在此过程中不断陷入顾此失彼、左支右绌的窘境,这彰显了明廷盐业管理体制的僵化。
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the court officials gave salt stoves a system of work, after which the system was in trouble and existed in name only. The quotient system for salt farms experienced a long-term exploration in the mid-Ming Dynasty and was finally established in 45 years of Wanli. Thereafter, the official promotion of merchants and merchants became a salient feature of saltworks in the Ming Dynasty. However, regardless of the official or the commercial offer, all the measures of the Ming court failed because they could not get out of the financial difficulties of supplying foodstuffs, and their management of the salt industry constantly fell into the dilemma of neglecting and losing their power in the process. Ting salt management system rigid.