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飞行器在空中运动时会因多种起电机理在机体上累积大量的静电荷,对飞行安全带来多方面的威胁。为研究飞行器静电带电量的变化规律及其影响因素,分析了飞行器静电起电的主要机理,建立了飞行器穿云的摩擦起电理论模型,并在明确飞行器静电放电主要形式和放电阈值影响因素的基础上,重点研究了飞行器带电量随时间变化的理论模型,得到了带电量的解析解,获得了飞行器最大带电量和最大电压的表达式,通过数值建模与仿真分析研究了各因素对飞行器带电量和电位的影响。研究结果表明,飞行器带电量随时间快速增加直至达到最大值;典型情况下可在0.5 s内带电量增大至近17μC,电压可达8.5 kV;飞行器最高带电量与飞行器电容成正比,通过增加放电针数目、优化放电针设计、减小起电电流和增大电晕放电因子可以显著减小飞行器最大带电量。
Aircraft in the air due to a variety of electrification mechanism accumulated in the body a large number of static charge, the flight safety threats in many ways. In order to study the law of electrostatic charge of aircraft and its influencing factors, the main mechanism of electrostatic charge of aircraft is analyzed, and a theoretical model of triboelectrification of aircraft flying through cloud is established. In addition, the main form of electrostatic discharge and the influence factors of discharge threshold Based on this, the theoretical model of the charged capacity of the aircraft with time is studied emphatically. The analytic solution of the charged capacity is obtained and the expression of the maximum charged capacity and the maximum voltage of the aircraft is obtained. Through numerical modeling and simulation analysis, Charged and potential effects. The results show that the charged capacity of the aircraft increases rapidly with time until it reaches the maximum value. In typical cases, the charged quantity can increase to nearly 17μC within 0.5 s and the voltage can reach 8.5 kV. The highest charged capacity of the aircraft is directly proportional to the capacity of the aircraft. The number of pins, optimized pin design, reduced shoot-up current, and increased corona discharge factor can significantly reduce the maximum charge of the aircraft.