论文部分内容阅读
目的根据监测系统分析浙江省衢州市水痘减毒活疫苗的免疫效果,为制定水痘防控策略提供依据。方法收集国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统中报告的2005-2014年出生儿童的水痘病例,从浙江省免疫规划信息系统查找水痘疫苗接种信息,计算突破病例构成比,分析水痘疫苗免疫效果。结果 2005-2014年出生的水痘病例1 240例,突破病例323例,突破病例组的发病时间差长于无免疫史组,幼托儿童和学生是水痘突破病例的高发人群。6~岁组水痘突破病例发病风险最大,1~岁组发病风险最小,免疫接种后2~6年发病风险明显增加。衢州市水痘疫苗接种率为69.93%,2岁内接种率为63.02%,且呈逐年上升趋势。水痘疫苗的接种率与水痘的发病率之间呈负相关。结论接种水痘疫苗是预防控制水痘的有效措施,受到越来越多儿童家长的重视。接种1剂次水痘疫苗的保护效果有限,有必要开展2剂次水痘疫苗接种,建议开展入托儿童水痘疫苗加强免疫,两剂间隔2~3年。
Objective To analyze the immune effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine in Quzhou, Zhejiang Province based on the monitoring system and provide the basis for the development of varicella control strategy. Methods The chickenpox cases reported in the National Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System from 2005 to 2014 were collected. Based on the information of Zhejiang Province Immunization Planning Information System, the information of chickenpox vaccination was collected, and the proportion of breakthrough cases was calculated, and the immunization effect of chickenpox vaccine was analyzed. Results A total of 1 240 cases of chickenpox were born in 2005-2014, of which 323 cases were breakthrough. The time of onset of breakthrough cases was longer than that of no immunization history. The children and students were the high incidence of chickenpox breakthrough cases. The incidence of chickenpox breakthrough was the highest in 6 ~ age group, and the risk was the lowest in 1 ~ age group. The risk of 2 ~ 6 years after immunization was significantly increased. The vaccination rate of varicella vaccine in Quzhou City was 69.93%, and the inoculation rate in 2 years old was 63.02%, showing an upward trend year by year. There was a negative correlation between the vaccination of chickenpox and the incidence of chickenpox. Conclusion Vaccination with chickenpox vaccine is an effective measure to prevent and control chickenpox and is valued by more and more parents of children. Inoculation of 1 dose of varicella vaccine has limited protective effect, it is necessary to carry out 2 doses of varicella vaccine, it is recommended to carry out vaccination of children with chickenpox vaccine to strengthen immunity, two doses of 2 to 3 years.