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目的评价孕妇免疫规划健康教育的认知与行为干预的效果及影响因素。方法采用流行病学试验研究方法,将720名孕妇作为干预组进行免疫规划知识健康教育,另外选择720名孕妇作为对照组,不对其进行健康教育。对两组人群干预前后的免疫规划认知情况进行问卷调查,并随访其胎儿出生后1年内的预防接种情况,评价干预效果及影响因素。结果干预前干预组与对照组的全部国家免疫规划(National Immunization Program,NIP)疫苗种类知晓率分别为14.41%、11.38%,差异无统计学意义(2=1.45,P>0.05);干预后知晓率分别为42.72%、12.89%,差异有统计学意义(2=161.98,P<0.01)。干预组和对照组儿童的1岁内NIP疫苗全程接种率及口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗、麻疹减毒活疫苗、流行性乙型脑炎疫苗、脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗的单苗接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对不同人群特征孕妇的免疫规划认知水平干预效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对孕妇进行健康教育干预[比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)=2.41,95%可信区间(Confidence Interval,CI):1.76～3.30]和自身文化程度高(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06～1.54),均可提高其儿童1岁内NIP疫苗全程接种的概率。结论孕妇接受健康教育后认知水平和接种行为干预效果明显,应加强对孕妇的干预措施。
Objective To evaluate the effect and influencing factors of cognitive and behavioral interventions on health education for pregnant women in immunization programs. Methods Using epidemiological experimental research method, 720 pregnant women were taken as health education of immunization planning knowledge in the intervention group. Another 720 pregnant women were selected as the control group, and their health education was not conducted. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the cognitive status of immunization programs before and after intervention in both groups. The vaccination situation within one year after birth was followed up, and the effect and influencing factors of intervention were evaluated. Results The awareness rates of all national immunization programs (NIP) in intervention group and control group before intervention were 14.41% and 11.38% respectively, with no significant difference (2 = 1.45, P> 0.05). After intervention, The rates were 42.72% and 12.89%, respectively, with significant difference (2 = 161.98, P <0.01). Vaccination rates of one-year NIP vaccine and live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine, pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine, live attenuated measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, meningitis (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the cognitive effect of immunization planning among different groups of pregnant women (P> 0.05). The health education intervention for pregnant women (Odds ratio (OR) = 2.41, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.76-3.30] and high education level (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06-1.54) The probability of the child being vaccinated with NIP vaccine within 1 year of age. Conclusions After receiving health education, pregnant women have obvious effect of intervention and intervention on cognition and intervention, and interventions for pregnant women should be strengthened.