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煤层气是一种由煤层生成并主要以吸附状态储集于煤层中的非常规天然气,主要成分为甲烷在煤矿中又俗称瓦斯。我国煤层储层具有低渗透率、低压力和低含水饱和度的三低特点。煤层气的吸附保存方式和煤层裂隙的特殊性决定了煤层气在钻完井、开采过程中首先要解决保护煤储层,以免伤害储层,其次要最大限度地扩大解吸范围,才能实现经济开采煤层气资源。本文首先对煤层气储层特征进行了的介绍,然后根据煤储层的特点列出了煤层气勘探开发过程中对储层造成的各种伤害,最后提出了一系列保护煤储层的措施。
CBM is a kind of unconventional natural gas that is generated by the coal seam and is mainly stored in the coal seam by adsorption. The main component is methane, commonly known as coal gas. China’s coalbed methane reservoirs have low permeability, low pressure and low water saturation of the three low characteristics. Adsorption and storage of coalbed methane and the particularity of coal seam fissures determine that in the process of drilling and completing coalbed methane, CBM should first solve the problem of protecting coal reservoirs so as to avoid damage to reservoirs, and secondly, to maximize the desorption range and achieve economic recovery CBM resources. In this paper, the characteristics of CBM reservoirs are firstly introduced. Then, according to the characteristics of coal reservoirs, various injuries to the reservoirs during CBM exploration and development are listed. Finally, a series of measures to protect coal reservoirs are proposed.