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雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)属于核受体超家族成员,主要通过与雌激素结合的方式诱导下游靶基因转录,从而发挥其重要的生物学功能。在此过程中,ER招募一系列辅调节因子参与其介导的基因转录调控。ER不仅在促进性器官成熟、副性征发育及维持性功能中起重要作用,在多种性激素受体相关癌症的发生发展中也扮演着重要角色。其中,甲状腺癌的发生女性比男性更普遍,是一种有性别倾向的肿瘤,并与性激素受体功能有相关性。研究证实,ER辅调节因子通过参与ER下游靶基因的转录调控,在雌激素受体相关肿瘤中发挥不可或缺的作用,另外,各种环境刺激和细胞活动也参与了ER对肿瘤的调控。该文主要对近年来雌激素受体在甲状腺癌中的作用及机制进行综述,试图为甲状腺癌的治疗和预防提供新思路和新靶点。
Estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, plays an important biological role mainly by inducing the transcription of downstream target genes by binding to estrogen. In the process, ER recruits a series of co-regulators involved in its regulation of gene transcription. ER plays an important role not only in the promotion of sexual maturity, development of paranoid sex and maintenance of sexual function, but also plays an important role in the development of various sex hormone receptor-related cancers. Among them, the occurrence of thyroid cancer is more common in women than in men, which is a gender-specific tumor and is associated with sexual hormone receptor function. Studies have shown that ER co-regulators play an integral role in estrogen receptor-associated tumors by participating in the transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes of ER. In addition, various environmental stimuli and cellular activities are also involved in the regulation of tumors by ER. This article mainly reviews the role and mechanism of estrogen receptor in thyroid cancer in recent years, and attempts to provide new ideas and new targets for the treatment and prevention of thyroid cancer.