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通过田间小区试验,研究了鲁北低平原地区小麦、玉米两熟制下微咸水补灌对土壤盐分与作物产量的影响以及玉米秸秆还田对微咸水灌溉土壤盐分的调控作用。结果表明:麦季利用2～4 g/L矿化度的微咸水补灌1～2次,秸秆还田的小区没有发生明显积盐现象,对粮食产量基本无影响。用4 g/L矿化度的微咸水连续补灌2次,没有秸秆还田的小区土壤耕层明显积盐,对小麦生长产生明显危害并影响产量。秸秆还田后的土壤耕层结构疏松,容重降低,非毛管孔隙度显著增加,能有效抑制土壤盐分表聚,使作物主要根系活动层保持较低盐分水平而不影响作物正常生长。利用咸淡水轮灌压盐、秸秆还田抑盐、雨季降水淋盐综合措施,能使土壤盐分保持周年平衡,保证了微咸水补灌的安全高效。
Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of supplemental irrigation with brackish water on soil salinity and crop yield under the two-cropping system of wheat and maize in the lowland area of northern Shandong and the regulation of salinization of corn straw on soil with brackish water. The results showed that the use of 2 ~ 4 g / L salinized brackish water for 1, 2 and 4 months did not result in significant salt accumulation in the plots returning to straw, which had little effect on grain yield. With 4 g / L salinization of saline water continuous filling 2 times, no straw returning to the plot of soil plow significantly salinity, the wheat growth had a significant hazard and affect the yield. After sowing the straw, the structure of soil tillage was loose and the bulk density decreased. The non-capillary porosity increased significantly, which could effectively inhibit the aggregation of soil salinity and keep the main root activity layer of the crop lower without affecting the normal growth of crops. Salt and freshwater turbine irrigation with salt, straw suppression of salt, precipitation precipitation in rainy season comprehensive measures to maintain soil salt annual balance, ensuring the safe and efficient irrigation of brackish water.