本文旨在研究是教育过度与教育不足的问题，并第一次运用英国的数据资料，它包括了在普遍性的职业中找到工作所要求的教育水平的一些明确的信息。本文谈及了三个关键问题：第一，教育过度和教育不足的存在是由什么决定的，以及它们在多大程度上代替经验，工作年限和培训；第二 This article seeks to address the issue of over-education and under-education and, for the first time, using data from the United Kingdom that includes some explicit information about the level of education required to find a job in a universal job. The paper addresses three key issues: first, what determines the existence of over-education and under-education, and to what extent they replace experience, length of service, and training; and second