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目的 探讨胃肠道恶性黑色素瘤 (GIMM )的病因、临床特征及治疗。方法 复习相关文献并作综述性报告。结果 GIMM多为转移性的 ,原发性少见。常能找到原发皮肤病变 ,但有 4%～ 12 %无原发病灶 ,早期可引起区域淋巴结及血源性转移。临床特点 :胃肠道出血、肿块或梗阻 ,肿块有黑色素沉着。手术治疗为姑息性 ,以解除出血及梗阻症状。未经治疗的转移性GIMM预后很差。结论 胃肠道GIMM术前诊断困难 ,转移早 ,外科治疗为姑息性 ,预后差 ,应引起临床医师重视
Objective To investigate the etiology, clinical features and treatment of gastrointestinal malignant melanoma (GIMM). Methods Review the relevant literature and make an overview report. Results GIMMs are mostly metastatic and rare primary. Primary skin lesions can often be found, but 4% to 12% have no primary lesions. Early lymph node metastases and hematogenous metastases can be caused. Clinical features: Gastrointestinal bleeding, lumps, or obstructions. Masses are melanin pigmentation. Surgical treatment is palliative to relieve bleeding and obstructive symptoms. The prognosis of untreated metastatic GIMMs is poor. Conclusion Preoperative diagnosis of gastrointestinal GIMM is difficult, metastasis is early, surgical treatment is palliative, and the prognosis is poor.