恩格斯曾经指出，由于唯物主义历史观和通过剩余价值揭破资本主义生产的秘密“这两个伟大的发现”，社会主义从空想变成了科学。恩格斯写下这些话的时间距今已一百多年了。二次世界大战以后，在欧洲和亚洲先后诞生了社会主义国家。五六十年代以来，一些社会主义国家走上了改革 Engels once pointed out that due to the historical materialism and the revelation of the “two great discoveries” of the secret capitalist production through surplus value, socialism has gone from fantasism to science. Engels wrote these words for more than a hundred years now. After the Second World War, the socialist countries were successively born in Europe and Asia. Since the fifties and sixties, some socialist countries have embarked on reforms