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含碳丰富的秸秆在无氧或限氧的条件下低温热解后得到生物炭可施入土壤,有利于缓解秸秆处理压力、减少污染、减少温室气体排放,并改良土壤。在重要的农粮基地辽宁潮棕壤上布置了生物炭还田试验。玉米田施用不同量的生物炭(0,360,1 800和3 600 kg·ha~(-1))一个生长季后,研究土壤有效磷(P)、有机P和全P含量的变化,并采用荧光共轭物质作为测定底物,通过酶解产生荧光物质研究土壤磷酸酶活性的响应。结果表明,生物炭添加到土壤后,土壤有效P含量随生物炭施用量增加而显著升高、有机P和全P的含量没有显著的变化。其原因是生物炭携带有效P而引起的。碱性磷酸单酯酶和磷酸二酯酶活性随生物炭添加量的增加而增大,适量生物炭处理(1 800 kg·ha~(-1))可显著增加酸性磷酸酶,而高量生物炭处理(3 600 kg·ha~(-1))对酸性磷酸酶略有抑制,可能是生物炭自身的偏碱性使土壤pH值增大所致。生物炭的添加对土壤磷素和磷酸酶活性的影响是土壤物理性质、化学性质及土壤微生物群落结构和代谢能力的综合体现,需要进一步深入研究。
Carbon-rich straw can be applied to soil after pyrolysis at low temperature under oxygen-free or oxygen-limited conditions, which helps to relieve the pressure of straw treatment, reduce pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the soil. Biochar was put into field experiment on Liaoning tidal brown soil, an important agricultural base. After one growing season, different amounts of biochar (0, 360, 1 800 and 3 600 kg · ha -1) were applied to study the changes of soil available phosphorus (P), organic P and total P, and the fluorescence Conjugated material as a substrate for the assay, phospholipase activity was investigated by enzymatic hydrolysis of fluorescent substances. The results showed that after the biochar was added to the soil, the available P content of soil increased significantly with the increase of biochar application rate, while the contents of organic P and total P did not change significantly. The reason is that biochar carries effective P. Alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphodiesterase activity increased with the increase of biochar dosage. Appropriate amount of biochar treatment (1 800 kg · ha -1) significantly increased acid phosphatase, while high biomass Carbon treatment (3 600 kg · ha -1) slightly inhibited acid phosphatase, which may be due to the partial alkalinity of biochar to increase the soil pH value. The effects of biochar on soil phosphorus and phosphatase activity are the physical manifestation of soil physical and chemical properties and the structure and metabolism of soil microbial community, which needs further study.