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一、导言问题解决(Problem-solving)是认知心理学的一个重要的课题,目的是研究人们在解决问题时的思维和采用的策略。初期研究的领域集中在一些疑难(puzzle)上,例如“河内塔”、“传教士与食人族”等问题。这些问题类似智力测验题,解题需时较短,而解题者无需有任何前知识(prior knowledge)。认知心理学家研究这类问题,得出一个分析架构和初步的理论。后来,因为发觉这些研究成果不容易应用于解决实际问题上,认知心理学家逐渐把研究的领域扩展到奕棋、代数、物理和编写
I. INTRODUCTION Problem-solving is an important topic of cognitive psychology. Its purpose is to study people’s thinking and strategies in solving problems. The areas of initial research focused on puzzles such as “Hanoi Tower”, “missionaries and cannibals” and other issues. These questions are similar to the intelligence test questions, and the problem solving takes a short time, and the problem solver does not need any prior knowledge. Cognitive psychologists study such problems and come to an analytical framework and preliminary theories. Later, because it was found that these research results were not easily applied to solve practical problems, cognitive psychologists gradually extended the research field to chess, algebra, physics, and writing.