胸腔积液是呼吸科的常见临床表现,许多疾病可导致胸腔积液的产生。其中结核和肿瘤是引起渗出性胸腔积液最常见的原因。由于良恶性胸腔积液的治疗方法及预后迥然不同,故及时准确的鉴别其性质具有指导意义[1]。传统的诊断方法主要是根据临床表现、胸水常规及生化等检查,但往往很难明确诊断;细菌涂片和脱落细胞学检查虽能明确诊断,但检 Pleural effusion is a common clinical manifestations of respiratory department, many diseases can lead to pleural effusion. Tuberculosis and tumor which cause the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion. As the treatment of benign and malignant pleural effusion and prognosis are very different, so timely and accurate identification of its nature has guiding significance [1]. Traditional diagnostic methods are mainly based on clinical manifestations, hydrothorax routine and biochemical tests, but often difficult to confirm the diagnosis; bacterial smear and exfoliative cytology although a clear diagnosis, but the seizure