应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术配对检测９２例肺结核患者外周血单个核细胞内和痰标本中结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ，同时检测３０例非结核患者外周血。结果显示：外周血和痰标本ＰＣＲ阳性率分别为７１７％和５５４％，前者明显高于后者（Ｐ＜００５）；各型肺结核外周血和痰标本ＰＣＲ阳性率不尽相同；３０例非结核患者外周血ＰＣＲ阳性３例（１０％）。认为ＰＣＲ检测肺结核患者外周血单个核细胞内结核分支杆菌ＤＮＡ是一种快速、敏感的方法，可用于肺结核早期诊断与鉴别诊断 The DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and sputum in 92 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The peripheral blood of 30 non-tuberculosis patients was also detected. The results showed that the positive rates of PCR in peripheral blood and sputum specimens were 717% and 554% respectively, the former was significantly higher than the latter (P <005). The positive rate of PCR in peripheral blood and sputum specimens of various types of tuberculosis The same; 30 cases of non-tuberculosis patients with peripheral blood PCR positive in 3 cases (10%). PCR detection of tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a rapid and sensitive method that can be used for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis