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通过正交设计试验法研究了碳及常用合金元素Si、Mn、Cr、V、Nb、B对弹簧钢各项性能(力学性能、淬透性、脱碳倾向、弯曲疲劳等)的影响。结果表明碳、硅可提高强度、硬度。但含0.60％C的钢塑性、韧性较低,脱碳倾向也大。含碳较低时,硼提高淬透性的作用显著,碳高时作用较小。V、Nb二次硬化的作用明显,但出现的温度较高。含0.35％碳与含0.60％碳的钢相比,综合力学性能好,脱碳倾向小,正火硬度低,加工性能好,而淬透性、疲劳性能等两者不相上下,证明中碳弹簧钢是有发展前途的。
The effects of carbon and common alloying elements such as Si, Mn, Cr, V, Nb and B on the properties of the spring steel (mechanical properties, hardenability, decarburization tendency, bending fatigue and so on) were studied by orthogonal design test. The results show that carbon and silicon can improve the strength and hardness. But with 0.60% C steel plasticity, low toughness, decarburization tendency is also large. When carbon is low, the effect of boron on improving hardenability is significant, and its effect is small when carbon is high. V, Nb secondary hardening obvious role, but the temperature appears higher. Compared with 0.35% carbon and 0.60% carbon steel, the comprehensive mechanical properties are good, the decarburization tendency is small, the normalizing hardness is low, the processing performance is good, while the hardenability and fatigue performance are comparable. Spring steel is promising.