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目的充足的营养对早产儿至关重要。关于早期营养及其对后期生长影响的纵向信息十分有限。本研究的目的是确定早产儿的早期能量和蛋白质供应对青春期身体组成和血压的影响。方法本研究于2007～2008年对36例男性青少年(12.3±1.7岁)和25例女性青少年(11.5±1.8岁)进行了调查,他们系出生于1989年10月1日至1995年12月31日之间胎龄23～34周、出生体重<1850 g的早产儿。根据其出生后两周内的营养模式(肠内与肠外)、能量供应(每日<70千卡/kg与每日≥70千卡/kg)及蛋白质供应情况(每日超过2.5 g/kg≥5 d与每日超过2.5 g/kg<5 d),将调查对象分组,比较各组青春期身高、体重、血脂、血压等的差异。结果在控制出生体重和生理成熟度的基础上,婴儿期能量摄入每天≥70千卡/kg的青少年身高(163±11 cm)和体重(58±16 kg)大于能量摄入每天<70千卡/kg的青少年(身高156±11 cm,体重49±16 kg),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间血压与体脂百分含量未见明显差异。结论婴儿期较高的能量摄入与青春期的体格大小相关,但并不会构成不利的风险因素,如血压升高或体脂增加。
Aims Adequate nutrition is essential for premature babies. Longitudinal information about early nutrition and its effect on later growth is very limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early energy and protein supply in preterm infants on adolescent body composition and blood pressure. Methods This study investigated 36 male adolescents (12.3 ± 1.7 years) and 25 female adolescents (11.5 ± 1.8 years) from 2007 to 2008, who were born between October 1, 1989 and December 31, 1995 The gestational age of 23 to 34 weeks, birth weight <1850 g of premature children. Based on their nutrition patterns (enteral and parenteral), energy supply (<70 kcal / kg and daily> 70 kcal / kg daily) and protein supply (more than 2.5 g / kg≥5d and daily more than 2.5g / kg <5d). The subjects were grouped to compare the differences in height, weight, blood lipid and blood pressure in adolescence of each group. Results Based on the control of birth weight and physical maturity, the height (163 ± 11 cm) and body weight (58 ± 16 kg) of infants with infants’ energy intake ≥ 70 kcal / kg were greater than the energy intake Kg / kg adolescents (height 156 ± 11 cm, weight 49 ± 16 kg), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in blood pressure and body fat percentage. Conclusion Higher energy intake in infancy correlates with body size in adolescence, but does not constitute a detrimental risk factor such as increased blood pressure or increased body fat.