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[摘要]在英语中，有一个极其常用极其活跃的代词，它的词形虽然简单，但句法功能却不少，它即可指带人或物，也可指代句中一个成分。
[关键词]it代词 引导词 强调结构
[中图分类号]G42 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1006-5962(2012)02(a)-0045-02
在英语中，有一个极其常用极其活跃的代词，它的词形虽然简单，但句法功能却不少，它即可指带人或物，也可指代句中一个成分。这个词就是it
1it用法小结
“It"的用法可主要分为三种：代词、引导词和强调结构。
1.He bought a dictionary and gave it to me.(代词，指代thedictionary)
2.My uncle has got a dOg；he has had it for five months.(指代动物the dog)
3.－－－Who’s knocking at the door?
It’s me指一个人)
4.It’s been raining since two o’clock.(表天气)
5.It was ages since my last meal.and 1 was very hungry.(指时间)
6.It’s an hour’s wall from my home to the sch001.(指距离)
7.It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.(形式主语)
8.Our teacher thinks it nO good learning without practice.(指代宾语learning without practice.)
9.It’s me that he blamed.(强调宾语He blamed me.)
2几点注意
(一)It用作非人称代词时，指时间、天气、距离、日期、温度等。如上面的例4 6。在it指时间时，注意
It be(not)+a period of time+before从句的译法；It’s timethat…从句中的时态；以及It’s…(时间词语)since…结构中，since后面不能用否定式。
It wasn’t long before they understood each other.他们不久就互相了解了。
It will not be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。
It had been ten years before we met each other again.十年后我们才又见面了。
It’s time that we left.
I’m getting tired it’s time we went home.
典型错误：It’s a long time since yOU didn’t come to seeme.
正确说法：It’s/has been a long time since yOU came to seeme.
又如：It’s a long time since I heard from Peter.
(二)it用作引导词主要作形式主语和形式宾语：如例7和8。
It作形式主语可指代真正的主语不定式、动名词、从句。真正的主语可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语。但在疑问句中，则须用形式主语结构。
Has it been announced when the planes are tO take off?
What time will it be convenient for me tO come again?
当谓语动词是occur，seem，appear，happen’be likely时，用形式主语。
It occurred tO me that she might have forgotten the date.
It appears that Geoffrey might change his mind.
It happened that 1 wasn’t there that day.
It iS very likely that their group will get ahead of us.
另外在以下结构中，主语从句也适宜放在后面，而用形式主语it。
It looks as if/though……
ltsaid/believed/considered/known/supposed/boped that……
It作形式宾语时，往往用于有宾语补足语的结构。
例如：I find it difficult to talk to yOU about anythingserious.
下面这个句子就错误的。
I cannot bear it.tO see people crying.
正确的结构应该是：I cannot bear to See people crying.
但是在owe，leave，like，hate，see to作谓语的句子里就应另当别论了。
I owe it tO you that I finished my work in time.
I’Ⅱleave it tO yOU dO dedde.
See tO it that you’I.e ready On time.
(三)强调结构中应注意以下几点：
含有not until的强调结构：
It was not until ten O’clock that he went tO bed.
注意强调时间状语时与it指时间的区别：
It was On a night in November that I looked at the resultOf my work.
It was already one in the morning.and my candle wasnearly burnt out，when I saw the dull yellow eyes of thecreature open.
复合句中的强调结构：
It was the hotel where you have once stayed that will bepulled down.
It在一些习语中用法：
(1)that/this iS it这/那正是所需要的
(2)as it is/was事实上，既然如此
(3)as it were似乎，可以说是
(4)Stop acting as though you were it.不要夜郎自大。
(5)用语某些动词或前置词后面，含义含糊：fight it out决一雌雄；争辩个明白Keep at it.别松劲!干下去!You’11 catch it.你可小心点!(警告用语)You are in for it.这下你可得干到底了(或这下你肯定要倒霉了。)
[关键词]it代词 引导词 强调结构
[中图分类号]G42 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1006-5962(2012)02(a)-0045-02
在英语中，有一个极其常用极其活跃的代词，它的词形虽然简单，但句法功能却不少，它即可指带人或物，也可指代句中一个成分。这个词就是it
1it用法小结
“It"的用法可主要分为三种：代词、引导词和强调结构。
1.He bought a dictionary and gave it to me.(代词，指代thedictionary)
2.My uncle has got a dOg；he has had it for five months.(指代动物the dog)
3.－－－Who’s knocking at the door?
It’s me指一个人)
4.It’s been raining since two o’clock.(表天气)
5.It was ages since my last meal.and 1 was very hungry.(指时间)
6.It’s an hour’s wall from my home to the sch001.(指距离)
7.It’s a pity that I didn’t think of it earlier.(形式主语)
8.Our teacher thinks it nO good learning without practice.(指代宾语learning without practice.)
9.It’s me that he blamed.(强调宾语He blamed me.)
2几点注意
(一)It用作非人称代词时，指时间、天气、距离、日期、温度等。如上面的例4 6。在it指时间时，注意
It be(not)+a period of time+before从句的译法；It’s timethat…从句中的时态；以及It’s…(时间词语)since…结构中，since后面不能用否定式。
It wasn’t long before they understood each other.他们不久就互相了解了。
It will not be long before they understand each other.他们不久就会互相了解的。
It had been ten years before we met each other again.十年后我们才又见面了。
It’s time that we left.
I’m getting tired it’s time we went home.
典型错误：It’s a long time since yOU didn’t come to seeme.
正确说法：It’s/has been a long time since yOU came to seeme.
又如：It’s a long time since I heard from Peter.
(二)it用作引导词主要作形式主语和形式宾语：如例7和8。
It作形式主语可指代真正的主语不定式、动名词、从句。真正的主语可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语。但在疑问句中，则须用形式主语结构。
Has it been announced when the planes are tO take off?
What time will it be convenient for me tO come again?
当谓语动词是occur，seem，appear，happen’be likely时，用形式主语。
It occurred tO me that she might have forgotten the date.
It appears that Geoffrey might change his mind.
It happened that 1 wasn’t there that day.
It iS very likely that their group will get ahead of us.
另外在以下结构中，主语从句也适宜放在后面，而用形式主语it。
It looks as if/though……
ltsaid/believed/considered/known/supposed/boped that……
It作形式宾语时，往往用于有宾语补足语的结构。
例如：I find it difficult to talk to yOU about anythingserious.
下面这个句子就错误的。
I cannot bear it.tO see people crying.
正确的结构应该是：I cannot bear to See people crying.
但是在owe，leave，like，hate，see to作谓语的句子里就应另当别论了。
I owe it tO you that I finished my work in time.
I’Ⅱleave it tO yOU dO dedde.
See tO it that you’I.e ready On time.
(三)强调结构中应注意以下几点：
含有not until的强调结构：
It was not until ten O’clock that he went tO bed.
注意强调时间状语时与it指时间的区别：
It was On a night in November that I looked at the resultOf my work.
It was already one in the morning.and my candle wasnearly burnt out，when I saw the dull yellow eyes of thecreature open.
复合句中的强调结构：
It was the hotel where you have once stayed that will bepulled down.
It在一些习语中用法：
(1)that/this iS it这/那正是所需要的
(2)as it is/was事实上，既然如此
(3)as it were似乎，可以说是
(4)Stop acting as though you were it.不要夜郎自大。
(5)用语某些动词或前置词后面，含义含糊：fight it out决一雌雄；争辩个明白Keep at it.别松劲!干下去!You’11 catch it.你可小心点!(警告用语)You are in for it.这下你可得干到底了(或这下你肯定要倒霉了。)