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目的探讨孕期吸烟对SD大鼠胚胎心脏发育的影响及分子机制。方法将24只怀孕SD母鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组、10支烟/d组、20支烟/d组、40支烟/d组,每组6只,并于孕期0.5 d(GD 0.5)后开始给予吸烟处理直至分娩。采用超声多普勒Vevo2000检测出生后1 d的新生乳鼠的左心结构及其心脏功能;采用Color-Doppler检测心室血流方向,以确认室间隔的发育是否异常。心功能检测完毕后,收集各组新生乳鼠心脏组织,采用Western-blot检测心肌特异转录因子GATA4的表达量。结果各组新生乳鼠心脏重量无明显差异,40支烟/d处理组乳鼠体重显著下降,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。孕期持续给予40支烟/d被动吸烟处理能显著降低左心室重量、左心室舒张/收缩末期前壁厚度和左心室舒张/收缩末期后壁厚度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕期给予20支烟/d和40支烟/d处理后,新生乳鼠的GATA4蛋白表达呈剂量依赖性下调,40支烟/d组与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论母鼠在怀孕期间接受被动吸烟后,引发后代新生乳鼠的心功能受损,其机制可能与下调心肌特异转录因子GATA4表达相关。
Objective To investigate the effects of smoking during pregnancy on embryonic heart development in SD rats and its molecular mechanism. Methods 24 pregnant SD female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group, 10 cigarettes / d group, 20 cigarettes / d group, 40 cigarettes / d group, 6 rats in each group. GD 0.5) began to give smoking until delivery. The left ventricular structure and cardiac function of newborn neonatal rats 1 d after birth were detected by using Doppler ultrasound Doppler. The direction of ventricular blood flow was detected by Color-Doppler to confirm the abnormality of ventricular septum development. After the heart function test, the heart tissues of neonatal rats in each group were collected, and the expression of cardiac specific transcription factor GATA4 was detected by Western-blot. Results There was no significant difference in the heart weight of neonatal rats in each group. The body weight of the 40 mice treated with smoke / d decreased significantly compared with the control group (P <0.001). Continuous passive smoking during pregnancy with 40 cigarettes / d passive smoking significantly reduced the left ventricular mass, left ventricular diastolic / anteroposterior thickness, and left ventricular diastolic / end-systolic posterior wall thickness. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). After treatment with 20 cigarettes per day and 40 cigarettes per day, the expression of GATA4 protein in neonatal neonatal rats was dose-dependently decreased during pregnancy, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ). CONCLUSIONS: During passive smoking, pregnant mothers induce impaired cardiac function in offspring neonatal rats, which may be related to down-regulation of GATA4.