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本文介绍了寨卡病毒的病原学特征,寨卡病毒感染的流行病学、临床表现和诊断治疗新进展。寨卡病毒是一种单链RNA病毒,属黄病毒科黄病毒属成员。主要通过伊蚊叮咬传播,其他传播方式还有性传播、血液传播、母婴传播。约20%感染者表现轻微症状,包括低热、斑丘疹、关节疼痛、结膜炎等,严重者采用对症治疗。寨卡病毒感染引起关注的重要原因是其神经系统并发症,包括吉兰巴雷综合征、孕妇感染引起胎儿的小头畸形等。确诊感染目前尚无金标准,主要是采用RT-PCR检测血清、唾液、组织、尿液、全血中寨卡病毒RNA。
This article describes the etiology of Zika virus, the epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis and treatment of Zika virus infection. Zika virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the genus Flaviviridae. Mainly through the bites of Aedes mosquito, other modes of transmission also sexual transmission, blood transmission, mother-to-child transmission. About 20% of the infected patients showed mild symptoms, including hypothermia, rash, joint pain, conjunctivitis, etc. In severe cases, symptomatic treatment was used. Zika virus infection is an important cause of concern because of its neurological complications, including Guillain Barre syndrome, fetal infection caused by microcephaly and so on. Currently there is no gold standard for confirmed infection, mainly Zika virus RNA in serum, saliva, tissue, urine and whole blood by RT-PCR.