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本文报导了五硼酸钾晶体自水溶液中的生长条件。我们是采用缓慢降温法生长,起始生长温度在50—60℃之间;溶液PH值在7～8的范围内;生长速度一般在0.3mm/昼夜以下;选择完美的晶体做籽晶;现已培养出40×48×30(mm)的近完美的大晶体。利用双(?)测角仪对五硼酸钾晶体进行了测量,标定了晶体的晶面符号,确定了该晶体是由四种类型的单形所代表的19个晶面组成的。使用ZJG—04大型金相显微镜观察了该晶体的位错缺陷。通过显微结晶和对大晶体生长过程的观察,分析研究了双晶形态,确定了该晶体系属接触反映双晶(简单接触双晶、反复三连晶、复合双晶)。本文还研究了双晶的形成规律;讨论了双晶对晶体生长的影响,双晶的成因和抑制双晶的措施。
This article reports the growth conditions of potassium pentaborate crystals from aqueous solutions. We are using slow cooling growth, the initial growth temperature between 50-60 ℃; PH value of the solution in the range of 7 to 8; growth rate is generally 0.3mm / day and night; choose the perfect crystal seed; now Nearly perfect large crystals of 40x48x30 (mm) have been grown. Potassium pentaboride crystals were measured by a double-angle goniometer and the crystal facets were calibrated to determine that the crystal was composed of 19 crystal faces represented by four types of singlets. Dislocation defects of this crystal were observed using a ZJG-04 large-scale optical microscope. Through the observation of the microscopic crystallization and the observation of the growth of large crystals, the morphology of the twin crystals was analyzed. It was confirmed that the crystal system contacts and reflects the twin crystals (simple contact twin crystals, repeated triple crystals and composite twin crystals). In this paper, we also study the formation of twinning, discuss the effect of twinning on the crystal growth, the genesis of twins and the measures to inhibit twinning.