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目的:了解贵州省农村少数民族妇女宫颈高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV)感染率和亚型分布及与HR-HPV感染相关的危险因素。方法:于2009年1月~2010年2月,采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对贵州省黔南地区农村少数民族妇女2 786例进行流行病学问卷调查和HR-HPVDNA分型检测,并对与HR-HPV感染相关的因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:2 786例妇女中,HR-HPV感染患者为316例,总感染率为11.34%。水族妇女HR-HPV感染率与布依族、苗族、毛南族妇女之间相互比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HPV感染的亚型中,HPV16(2.010%)最常见,其次为HPV33(1.759%)、58(1.364%)、52(1.256%)和31(1.149%)。单因素分析显示,婚姻状况、初次性生活年龄和妊娠次数为HR-HPV感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析表明,吸烟(P=0.003)、性伴侣数(P=0.023)、初次性生活年龄(P=0.198)和民族(P=0.235)为影响HR-HPV感染的独立危险因素。结论:贵州省农村少数民族妇女宫颈HR-HPV感染率低于国内平均水平,其最常见的亚型为HPV16;影响HPV感染的独立危险因素为吸烟、性伴侣数、初次性生活年龄和民族。
Objective: To understand the infection rate and subtypes of cervical high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and the risk factors associated with HR-HPV infection among rural women in Guizhou province. Methods: From January 2009 to February 2010, 2 786 rural ethnic women in Qiannan of Guizhou Province were investigated by epidemiological survey and HR-HPV DNA typing using stratified cluster random sampling method Univariate and multivariate analyzes of the factors associated with HR-HPV infection. Results: Of the 2 786 women, 316 were HR-HPV-infected with a total infection rate of 11.34%. The HR-HPV infection rates among Aquatic women and Buyi, Miao and Maonan women were significantly different (P <0.05). Of the HPV-infected subtypes, HPV16 (2.010%) was the most common, followed by HPV33 (1.759%), 58 (1.364%), 52 (1.256%) and 31 (1.149%). Univariate analysis showed that marital status, age of first sex and number of pregnancies were risk factors for HR-HPV infection (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking (P = 0.003), number of sexual partners (P = 0.023), age at first sexual life (P = 0.198) and ethnicity (P = 0.235) were independent risk factors for HR-HPV infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of cervical HR-HPV in rural minority women in Guizhou Province is lower than the national average. The most common subtype is HPV16. The independent risk factors for HPV infection are smoking, number of sexual partners, age of first sexuality and ethnicity.