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目的了解我国不同地区饮用水中含氮消毒副产物的水平以及处理工艺和季节对其形成的影响。方法于2015年6月和2016年1月,分别采集广州、深圳、福州、厦门、成都、哈尔滨六城市的原水、出厂水和管网水,经固相萃取后,以气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法检测亚硝胺类消毒副产物的浓度;经液液萃取后,以气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)检测卤乙腈和三氯硝基甲烷的浓度。结果六城市管网水中亚硝胺类消毒副产物总浓度为10.65~55.80 ng/L,其中,亚硝基二甲胺在深圳管网水中浓度最高(32.76 ng/L);卤乙腈(ND~9.36μg/L)中二氯乙腈在厦门管网水中浓度最高,为5.25μg/L;六城市三氯硝基甲烷的浓度为ND~1.21μg/L;南方城市含氮消毒副产物浓度高于北方城市,沿海高于内陆。臭氧-氯化组合消毒的水厂,原水和出厂水中均含有亚硝基二甲胺、亚硝基二乙胺和亚硝基哌啶,出厂水中还含有溴氯乙腈(0.22μg/L)和二溴乙腈(0.13μg/L);氯化消毒水厂的原水和出厂水中均含有亚硝基二乙胺,出厂水中还含有亚硝基二丙胺(9.70 ng/L)、溴氯乙腈(0.06μg/L)和三氯硝基甲烷(0.12μg/L)。深圳、福州、厦门、哈尔滨枯水期出厂水中亚硝基二甲胺、亚硝基二乙胺、亚硝基哌啶、三氯硝基甲烷和4种卤乙腈的浓度均高于丰水期,且3个沿海城市出厂水中溴代卤乙腈的浓度枯水期高于丰水期。结论南方沿海城市饮用水含氮消毒副产物浓度较高,且受处理工艺影响,其浓度具有季节性变化。
Objective To understand the levels of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water in different areas in China and the effects of treatment process and season on their formation. Methods In June 2015 and January 2016, raw water, ex-factory water and network water were collected from six cities in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Chengdu and Harbin respectively. After solid phase extraction, -MS) was used to detect the concentration of nitrosamines disinfection byproducts. After liquid-liquid extraction, the concentrations of halonitrile and trichloronitromethane were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Results The total concentration of nitrosamines disinfection byproducts in the water of urban pipe network in the six cities was 10.65 ~ 55.80 ng / L, of which the concentration of nitrosodimethylamine in the water of Shenzhen pipe network was the highest (32.76 ng / L) 9.36μg / L), the highest concentration of dichloroacetonitrile in Xiamen water network is 5.25μg / L; the concentration of trichloronitromethane in six cities is ND ~ 1.21μg / L; the concentration of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in southern cities is higher than Northern cities, coastal higher than inland. Nitrobenzyldimethylamine, nitrosodiethylamine and nitrosopiperidine are contained in the ozone-chlorinated disinfection water plants, raw water and ex-factory water, and bromochloroacetonitrile (0.22 μg / L) and (0.13μg / L); nitrosodiethylamine was present in the raw water and the ex-factory water of the chlorinated disinfection water plant, nitrosodipropylamine (9.70 ng / L) and bromochloroacetonitrile (0.06 μg / L) and trichloronitromethane (0.12 μg / L). Concentrations of nitroso-dimethylamine, nitroso-diethyl-amine, nitroso-piperidine, trichloronitromethane and four halonetramethanes in factory water of Harbin, Fuzhou, Xiamen, and Harbin during the dry season were all higher than those of the wet season Concentration of brominated halogenated acetonitrile in the three coastal cities was higher than dry season in dry season. Conclusion The concentration of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water in the southern coastal cities is high, and the concentration of nitrogenous disinfection by-products has a seasonal change due to the influence of the treatment process.