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目的为了观察高温高空作业对建筑工人生理功能的影响,检测暴露30℃以上作业人员的体温、汗液、尿液、皮质醇和睾酮含量的变化。方法体温检测采用口温表法,出汗量采用体重差法,饮水量和尿量采用计量法,尿中皮质醇和睾酮含量测定采用放射免疫法,以管理人员作为对照组。结果 30～37℃下作业,试验组平均体温(37.04±0.65)℃,明显高于对照组(36.02±0.21)℃;试验组平均出汗量(389.80±126)g/4 h明显高于对照组(97.46±43)g/4 h;试验组平均饮水量(965.31±192.17)ml/4 h,明显多于对照组(473.02±65.13)ml/4 h;试验组的平均尿量(151.80±12.66)ml/4 h,明显少于对照组(576.46±43.29)ml/4 h;试验组平均尿中皮质醇含量(27.04±1.47)μg,高于对照组(21.11±1.02)μg,试验组尿中睾酮含量(6 678.0±512.6)ng/L明显高于对照组(6 194.6±431.2)ng/L。结论高温高空作业下机体的生理和神经内分泌功能产生了系列应激响应。
Objective To observe the effects of high-temperature and high-altitude operations on the physiological functions of construction workers and to detect the changes of body temperature, sweat, urine, cortisol and testosterone in exposed workers above 30 ℃. Methods The body temperature was measured by mouth temperature method. The sweat volume was measured by weight difference method. The drinking water volume and urine volume were measured. The urine Cortisol and testosterone contents were determined by radioimmunoassay and the control group. Results The mean body temperature of the experimental group (37.04 ± 0.65) ℃ was significantly higher than that of the control group (36.02 ± 0.21) ℃ at 30 ~ 37 ℃. The average amount of sweating in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (389.80 ± 126) g / 4 h (97.46 ± 43) g / 4 h. The mean water intake of the test group (965.31 ± 192.17) ml / 4 h was significantly higher than that of the control group (473.02 ± 65.13) ml / 12.66) ml / 4 h, which was significantly lower than that of the control group (576.46 ± 43.29) ml / 4 h. The mean urinary cortisol level in the test group (27.04 ± 1.47 μg vs 21.11 ± 1.02 μg) Urinary testosterone levels (6 678.0 ± 512.6) ng / L were significantly higher than those in the control group (6 194.6 ± 431.2 ng / L). Conclusions The physiological and neuroendocrine functions of the body under high temperature and altitude have produced a series of stress responses.