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目的：了解肾脏病患者医院感染情况，探讨与其相关的危险因素及预防措施。方法：回顾性分析了５３６例肾脏病患者中７３例符合医院感染诊断标准的临床资料。结果：肾脏病患者医院感染率为１３．６２％，其中狼疮性肾炎、糖尿病肾病、慢性肾功能衰竭感染率高。感染部位以泌尿道占首位，达５６．１％；其次胃肠道为１７．１％；下呼吸道及血液各占７．３％。绝大多数感染由机会致病菌引起，其中真菌感染占６２％，细菌感染占３８％，且普遍产生耐药性。真菌感染主要累及泌尿道、消化道及粘膜，细菌感染主要累及下呼吸道、血液、腹腔等部位。结论：医院感染与原发病自身特点、治疗、侵入性检查有关，高龄及长时间住院也是肾脏病患者医院感染的危险因素
Objective: To understand the status of nosocomial infection in patients with kidney disease, and explore the risk factors and preventive measures associated with them. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 73 of 536 patients with kidney disease that met the criteria for nosocomial infection. Results: The rate of nosocomial infection in patients with kidney disease was 13.62%, of which the infection rate of lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, and chronic renal failure was high. The urinary tract accounted for 56.1% of the infection sites, 17.1% for the lower gastrointestinal tract, and 7.3% for the lower respiratory tract and blood. The vast majority of infections are caused by opportunistic pathogens, of which fungal infections account for 62%, bacterial infections account for 38%, and drug resistance is widespread. Fungal infections mainly involve the urinary tract, digestive tract and mucous membranes. Bacterial infections mainly involve the lower respiratory tract, blood, abdominal cavity and other parts. Conclusion: Nosocomial infection is related to the characteristics of the primary disease, treatment, and invasive examination. Old age and prolonged hospitalization are also risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients with kidney disease.