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目的:探究睡眠剥夺持续性注意力易损与耐受个体大脑白质完整性的差异。方法:根据睡眠剥夺前后精神运动警觉性(psychomotor vigilance test，PVT)任务表现，将招募的健康志愿者将参与者分为睡眠剥夺易损组(24名)与耐受组(25名)，并进行弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging，DTI)扫描，采用基于纤维束空间统计学方法(tract based spatial statistics，TBSS)分析比较两组被试大脑白质各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy，FA) 、平均扩散率(mean diffusivity，MD) 、轴向扩散率(axial diffusivity，AD)和径向扩散率(radial diffusivity，RD)四种DTI指标；采用SPSS 24.0进行Spearman相关分析探讨组间差异区域的DTI指标与PVT任务表现的相关性。结果:(1)与耐受组相比，易损组在胼胝体体部(x，y，z＝-8，9，25，n t＝-7.855)、右侧上纵束(x，y，z＝-39，-7，26，n t＝-6.252)、双侧内囊前肢(x，y，z＝-13，8，13，n t＝-5.235；x，y，z＝12，8，3，n t＝-5.024)及右侧丘脑后辐射(x，y，z＝-26，-56，17，n t＝-5.469)附近白质区域FA值显著下降(TFCE校正，n P<0.05，团块大小≥50体素)。(2)易损组在胼胝体体部(x，y，z＝-3，-6，26，n t＝7.613)、右侧上纵束(x，y，z＝-31，-19，38，n t＝5.314)、胼胝体压部(x，y，z＝27，-53，17，n t＝6.541)及双侧内囊前肢(x，y，z＝-16，7，8，n t＝6.898；x，y，z＝15，5，7，n t＝6.652)附近白质MD值，右侧上纵束(x，y，z＝-33，-19，39，n t＝4.892)、胼胝体压部(x，y，z＝-22，-49，21，n t＝5.450)、胼胝体膝部(x，y，z＝4，26，0，n t＝4.332)附近白质AD值及右侧上放射冠(x，y，z＝-17，1，33，n t＝7.558)、胼胝体体部(x，y，z＝4，-8，26，n t＝6.699)、右侧内囊前肢区域(x，y，z＝-12，7，3，n t＝5.212)附近白质RD值显著高于耐受组(TFCE校正，n P<0.05，团块大小≥50体素)。(3)右侧上纵束(n r＝-0.492，n P<0.001)、右侧内囊前肢(n r＝-0.510，n P<0.001)、右侧丘脑后辐射(n r＝-0.502，n P<0.001)及胼胝体体部(n r＝-0.464，n P<0.001)FA值与PVT脱漏频次差值呈显著负相关；胼胝体体部(n r＝0.500，n P<0.001)、右侧上纵束(n r＝0.499，n P<0.001)、胼胝体压部(n r＝0.462，n P<0.001)及右侧内囊前肢(n r＝0.471，n P<0.001)MD值与PVT脱漏频次差值呈显著正相关；右侧上纵束AD值(n r＝0.643，n P<0.001)及右侧上放射冠RD值(n r＝0.498，n P<0.001)与PVT脱漏频次差值呈显著正相关(Bonferroni校正，n P<0.003)。n 结论:特定脑区间白质纤维束微观结构特性的差异可能构成了睡眠剥夺后注意力易损与耐受的潜在神经病理学基础。“,”Objective:To investigate the differences of white matter diffusion properties between vulnerable and resistant individuals to continuous attention after sleep deprivation.Methods:According to the psychomotor vigilance test performance before and after sleep deprivation, the participants were divided into the vulnerable group(n n=24) and resistant group(n n=25). All participants underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans.Tract based spatial statistics(TBSS) was used to compare fractional anisotropy(FA), mean diffusivity(MD), axial diffusivity(AD), radial diffusivity(RD) maps between the two groups.Spearman correlation analysis was conducted by SPSS 24.0 to investigate the relationships between the altered DTI metrics and PVT task performance.n Results:(1) Compared with resistant group, FA value of vulnerable group decreased in the body of corpus callosum(x, y, z=-8, 9, 25, n t=-7.855), right superior longitudinal fasciculus(x, y, z=-39, -7, 26, n t=-6.252), bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule(x, y, z=-13, 8, 13, n t=-5.235; x, y, z=12, 8, 3, n t=-5.024) and right posterior thalamic radiation(x, y, z=-26, -56, 17, n t=-5.469)(TFCE corrected, n P<0.05, cluster size≥50 voxel). (2) Compared with resistant group, MD value of vulnerable group increased in the body of corpus callosum(x, y, z=-3, -6, 26,n t=7.613), right superior longitudinal fasciculus(x, y, z=-31, -19, 38, n t=5.314), bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule(x, y, z=-16, 7, 8, n t=6.898; x, y, z=15, 5, 7, n t=6.652), splenium of corpus callosum(x, y, z=27, -53, 17, n t=6.541), and AD value increased in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus(x, y, z=-33, -19, 39, n t=4.892), splenium of corpus callosum(x, y, z=-22, -49, 21, n t=5.450), genu of corpus callosum(x, y, z=4, 26, 0, n t=4.332), as well as RD value increased in the right superior corona radiata(x, y, z=-17, 1, 33, n t=7.558), body of corpus callosum(x, y, z=4, -8, 26, n t=6.699), right anterior limb of internal capsule(x, y, z=-12, 7, 3, n t=5.212) (TFCE corrected, n P<0.05, cluster size≥50 voxel). (3) Correlational analysis revealed that the negative correlations were found between PVT task performance and the FA value in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus(n r=-0.492, n P<0.001), right anterior limb of internal capsule(n r=-0.510, n P<0.001), right posterior thalamic radiation(n r=-0.502, n P<0.001) and body of corpus callosum(n r=-0.464, n P<0.001). The positive correlations were found between PVT task performance and the MD value in the body of corpus callosum(n r=0.500, n P<0.001), right superior longitudinal fasciculus(n r=0.499, n P<0.001), splenium of corpus callosum(n r=0.462, n P<0.001), right anterior limb of internal capsule(n r=0.471, n P<0.001), and AD value in right superior longitudinal fasciculus(n r=0.643, n P<0.001), as well as RD value in right superior corona radiate(n r=0.498, n P<0.001) (Bonferroni corrected,n P<0.003).n Conclusion:Differences in the microstructural characteristics of white matter fiber tracts in specific brain regions may constitute the potential neuropathological basis for the phenotypes of vulnerable and resistant individuals to continuous attention after sleep deprivation.