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1946年世界上出现了第一台电子计算机;1949年出现程序记忆方式的电子计算机。自那时以来,计算机及其有关技术得到了突飞猛进的发展;其发展速度之快、范围之广、影响之深远是初期所意想不到的。值得注意的是:这些技术仍在继续飞速发展着。早期的电子计算机主要是由一些科研单位和大学研制出来的,并且也主要用于科学技术的计算。1951年美国制造穿孔卡片计算机和打字机的RR公司开始生产数据处理电子计算机(IBM公司1953年开始生产),于是计算机的应用领域便不断扩大。原来在1887年发明的穿孔卡片计算机,经过长期生产和使用,在本世纪三十年代初就已形成一套机电式的穿孔卡片计算机系统(简称PCS),它包括穿孔机、检孔机、分类机、穿孔计算机、制表机等等,它们用在资本主义发达的国家的大工商业、铁路、海关和政府部门,做
In 1946, the world’s first computer appeared; in 1949, a mnemonic electronic computer appeared. Since then, computers and related technologies have grown by leaps and bounds; their speed of development, wide range, and far-reaching impact were unexpected in the early days. It is worth noting that these technologies are still developing rapidly. The early electronic computers were mainly developed by some research institutes and universities, and they are also mainly used for the calculation of science and technology. In 1951, the RR company that made punch cards computer and typewriter in the United States began to produce data processing electronic computers (IBM started production in 1953), and the application fields of computers continued to expand. The perforated card computer originally invented in 1887, after long-term production and use, formed an electromechanical punched card computer system (abbreviated as PCS) in the early 1930s. It includes a perforator, a hole-checking machine, and a sorter. Machines, perforated computers, tabulation machines, etc., which are used in the capital, commercial, railway, customs and government departments of capitalist developed countries.