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人工智能(artificial intelligence，AI)技术已经渗透到各行各业，在某些方面甚至远远超越了人类，其在医学领域也有着广泛地应用，如医学影像、病理诊断、医疗机器人、健康管理和康复医疗等。小儿外科是一门较新的临床学科，常见疾病主要分为先天性畸形、实体肿瘤、炎症和创伤四大类。近年来AI在医疗领域的研究成为热点，在小儿外科疾病的诊断、治疗和预后方面也有了新的进展，本文就此做一综述并对AI在医疗领域的未来前景进行展望。“,”The technology of artificial Intelligence (AI) has penetrated into all walks of life and reached far beyond human beings in some aspects. It has been widely applied in such medical fields as medical imaging, pathological diagnosis, medical robotics, health management and rehabilitative therapy, etc. As a new clinical discipline, pediatric surgery encompasses four major categories of common diseases, i. e. deformity, tumor, inflammation and trauma. In recent years, the medical research of AI has become such a hot subject and it has made new progress in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pediatric surgical diseases. This review summarized the latest developments and forecast their promising prospects.