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Objectives This study addressed to compare plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and endothelin-1 (ET-l) levels with hemodynamics in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods Plasma BNP and ET-1 levels were obtained from 75patients with HF by rapid immunofluorescence assay and radio-immunity method, respectively, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were observed by echocardiogram. Hemodynamic data of 53HF patients were determined by Swan-Ganz catheterization. Results Hemodynamics (PCWP,MPAP and RAP) and plasma BNP, ET-1 levels were proportional to New York Heart Association (NYHA)class (P＜ 0.001-0.05). Both BNP and ET-1 had positive linear relations with PCWP, MPAP, RAP (P＜ 0.05-001). Moreover, plasma ET-1 was an independent and significant predictor of BNP (P＜0.001). Plasma levels of BNP (968.23±478.63 pg/ml)and ET-1 (129.45±88.56 pg/ml)in group with LVEDD (n=31) ≥60 mm were much higher than those in LVEDD(n = 44) ＜ 60mm group (BNP:286.26 ±156.89 pg/mL,ET-1:87.45±43.65 pg/mL, P＜ 0.001). Conclusions BNP level is as a direct result of ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload. BNP is a sensitive biochemical maker of left ventricular injury and ET-1may stimulate the secretion of cardiac BNP independent of hemodynamics in patients with HF.