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2003年3~5月,山东莱州某养殖场部分养殖文蛤(Meretrix meretrixLinnaeus)出现外套膜异常肥大现象。组织病理学研究显示,患病贝外套膜、水管、鳃、足等器官组织内粘液细胞增多,水管两侧的外套膜结缔组织中粘液细胞增生尤为明显。同时,患病贝各器官组织还呈现出不同程度的病理学变化,主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮细胞肿胀、脱落,生殖细胞滞育、退化,肌纤维变形、溶解,血细胞增生并诱发炎症反应等。在患病贝体内主要观察到3种寄生性原生动物,分别为缘毛类纤毛虫、粘孢子虫及1种顶复门类“孢子虫”。纤毛虫数量较少,主要寄生于鳃表面;粘孢子虫数量较多,寄生在水管、外套膜、鳃、性腺、消化盲囊、血淋巴等器官组织中,以水管结缔组织内数量最多;而顶复门类“孢子虫”主要发现于消化道结缔组织中。组织病理学研究表明,这3种寄生虫可能是病害发生的重要原因。
From March to May 2003, maretrix melanoma (Meretrix meletrix Linnaeus) appeared mantle abnormal hypertrophy in some farms in Shandong Laizhou. Histopathological studies showed that mucus cells were increased in diseased mantle, water tube, gill, foot and other organs and tissues, especially mucous cell hyperplasia in mantle connective tissue on both sides of water tube. At the same time, the diseased shell organ also showed different degrees of pathological changes, mainly manifested as organizational structure disorders, epithelial cell swelling, loss, germ cell diapause, degeneration, muscle fiber deformation, lysis, hematopoietic and induced inflammatory response . Three species of parasitic protozoa were mainly observed in diseased shellfish, which are ciliate, myxospore and apicularis. The number of myxospores is less and mainly parasitizes on the gill surface. The number of myxospores is more, parasitic in the water tube, mantle, gill, gonad, digestive blind capsule, hemolymph and other organs and tissues, Top complex class “sporozoites” mainly found in the digestive tract connective tissue. Histopathological studies have shown that these three parasites may be an important cause of disease.