典型的、由真菌产生的β—内酰胺类抗生素,如具有青霉烷(Penam)基本骨架的青霉素族和具有头孢烯(Cephem)基本骨架的头孢菌素族(图1),已为人们所熟知。这些抗生素选择性地抑制细菌细胞壁粘肽生物合成的最后一步,因此具有很低的毒性,并在抗感染治疗中具有重大的意义。β—内酰胺类抗生素的发展主要应归功于化学。多年来化学家们从天然产物出发,在R、R~1、R~2(图1)处 Typical β-lactam antibiotics produced by fungi, such as the penicillin family with the basal skeleton of Penam and the cephalosporin family with the basic framework of Cephem (Figure 1) Familiar. These antibiotics selectively inhibit bacterial cell wall glucan peptide biosynthesis of the last step, it has low toxicity and is of great significance in anti-infective treatment. The development of β-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to chemistry. For many years, chemists proceeded with natural products at R, R ~ 1, R ~ 2 (Figure 1)