High-photon-energy electromagnetic radiations in the forms of X-rays and y-rays and particles such as neutrons and electrons are routinely used for various imaging and diffraction modalities with applications ranging from materials science and chemistry to biomedical imaging and industrial imaging.They provide important unique information on the structure and the functionality of the investigated samples that other methods cannot provide.However, despite the extensive efforts, there are several critical challenges that hamper further improvements in the performances ofthe modalities and thus limit the accessible information.